Written by Elpida Kontomaru, Psychologist – Psychotherapist, MSc Adolescent Mental Health Cognitive Behavioral Therapy (CBT)
Adolescence is a period of intense change. The body changes, identity is formed, relationships take on new depth, and demands increase (Steinberg, 2014). Within this context, anxiety often appears as a normal reaction. According to international literature, adolescence is one of the most vulnerable developmental phases for the onset of anxiety due to biological, psychological, and social transitions, with estimates showing that up to 1 in 4 adolescents worldwide experience anxiety symptoms (WHO, 2021; GBD, 2021). However, when anxiety becomes intense, persistent, and interferes with daily life, then we are talking about an anxiety disorder.
Stress itself is not the enemy. It is a protective mechanism that prepares us for challenges and dangers. In adolescence, however, when the brain and emotional system are still developing, stress is experienced more intensely, as the areas that regulate emotions, such as the amygdala and prefrontal cortex, are not yet fully mature (Steinberg, 2014; Lupien et al., 2009). A teenager may feel like they are losing control without understanding why.
Anxiety disorders take many forms, such as generalized anxiety, social anxiety, panic attacks, school anxiety, or persistent fears. They are among the most common mental health problems in adolescence, with high prevalence and comorbidity (Merikangas et al., 2010). They manifest themselves both mentally and physically, with headaches, stomach aches, tachycardia, difficulty breathing, insomnia, or intense fatigue. These are real symptoms and not something “in their minds.” An anxious teenager may withdraw, avoid situations, become irritable or overly perfectionist, often with negative automatic thoughts such as “I won’t be able to do it” (Beck & Clark, 1997).
The role of parents is crucial. Recognition and acceptance create a sense of security. Studies show that parental attitude significantly influences anxiety regulation, while excessive psychological pressure can exacerbate it (Yap et al., 2014). Active listening, without belittling or rushing to find solutions, is crucial. Phrases such as “don’t worry” often do not help. Instead, trust, stability, and the message “I see you, I hear you, and I am here” are supportive.
When anxiety persists and limits an adolescent’s life, timely professional intervention reduces the risk of chronicity into adulthood (Essau et al., 2014). Seeking help is an act of care, not weakness. Anxiety in adolescence does not define the adolescent or their future. With the right support, they can learn to manage it and build mental resilience. Early understanding and care can make a difference not only in the present but also in the future mental health of the adult they will become.
